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Empathy is a Pain, So Why Bother?
Reflection of pain
[...] How can the brain accomplish empathy in general and empathy for a pain in prticular? The answer most likely involves mirror neurons, discovered more than a decade ago by Giacomo Rizzolatti and his colleagues at the University of Parma in Italy. In Rizzolatti's original 1996 study, he and his colleagues found that premotor neurons in a monkey's prefrontal cortex -neurons that routinely fire as the monkey prepares a particular movement, su h as reaching out to grasp something- fired in a similar pattern when the monkey merely watched a human perform the same task.
Rizzolatti's group also demonstrated that mirror neurons fire not only in response to an observed action but also in response to the action's apparent intent. For example, a monkey may have a premotor neuron that fires when the monkey grabs a peanut to eat but not when it grabs a peanut for other reasons, such as to place it in a cup. This "grab-to-eat" neuron will fire when the monkey watches a human grab a peanut to eat it but not when the muna picks up the peanut for other reasons; the neuron responds to the action's intent. Finally,mirror neurons are activated by a perception of purpose rather than of specific muscle movements: cells that discharge when the monkey watches a huyman reach for an object will continue to respond even if much of the movement is hidden by an opaque screen.v
[Following an intention and not fullfilling the purpose of it: how can it reflect on one's consciuosness as a small frustration that sums with others.
Expectations that fire in the moment we "think" something "looks like", before the whole action is processed and even without enough information of it.]
Critical Mass of Empathy
Other findings suggest that mirror functionality may not be restricted to neurons in the prefrontal cortex; some portion of "regular" cortical neuros in numerous areas may act as mirror neurons too. Functional imaging experiments in humans support this possibility and suggest a potential substrate for pain empathy.
[Scientific American Mind (sciammind.com). Vol 18, Num 6, Dec. 2007/Jan. 2008; pag 32]
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